Numerical modeling of thrombus formation dynamics with the rheological properties of blood

Abstract

In this paper, the dynamics of blood clotting is numerically simulated when blood viscosity changes. Blood was considered as an incompressible fluid, the initial equations were the Navier-Stokes equations supplemented by equations for the dynamics of blood clotting. Two cases for modeling blood viscosity are considered: viscosity as a constant and as a function characterizing non-Newtonian effects. The effects of the Reynolds and Peclet numbers on the process of thrombus formation are studied. As the Reynolds number increases, an increase in shear stress is observed. Increasing of platelet activation tends to thrombus formation. For the lower Reynolds number the better the transport of oxygen and nutrients prevents thrombus formation. Comparing the results obtained using the Cross model (viscosity is considered as a function of the velocity shear) with the results in the case of constant viscosity, it was found how increased blood viscosity leads to an increase in flow resistance, which requires a larger pressure gradient to maintain normal blood flow. High viscosity promotes platelet aggregation, increasing the likelihood of thrombus formation. Changing the Peclet number significantly affects the balance between convection and diffusion, which in turn affects the distribution of thrombin in the blood. The study of the rheological properties of blood and the blood coagulation process provides important information for improving medical diagnostics and treatment methods. The results of the work contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence of rheological properties of blood on the blood coagulation process, improving diagnostic and therapeutic methods in medical practice.