Towards a workable model of final unification
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Abstract
Even though ‘String theory’ models and “quantum gravity’ models are having a strong mathematical back ground and sound physical basis, they are failing in implementing the Newtonian gravitational constant in atomic and nuclear physics and thus seem to fail in developing a ‘workable’ model of final unification. In this context, extending Abdus Salam’s old concept of ‘nuclear strong gravitational coupling’ we consider two very large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with electromagnetic and strong interactions. By combining the two microscopic pseudo gravitational constants with the Newtonian gravitational constant, we make an attempt to combine the old ‘strong gravity’ concept with ‘Newtonian gravity’ and try to understand and re-interpret the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. Finally we make a heuristic attempt to estimate the Newtonian gravitational constant from the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants. By exploring the possibility of incorporating the proposed two pseudo microscopic gravitational constants in current unified models, in near future, complete back ground physics can be understood and observable low energy predictions can be made.References
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2. Juan M., Maldacena Gravity. Particle Physics and Their Unification // Int.J.Mod.Phys. – 2000. – Vol. A15S1. – P. 840-852
3. Schlamminger S. and Newman R.D. Recent measurements of the gravitational constant as a function of time // Phys. Rev. – 2015. – Vol. D 91. – P. 121101
4. Roberto Onofrio. Proton radius puzzle and quantum gravity at the Fermi scale // EPL. – 2013. – Vol. 104. – P. 20002
5. Abdus Salam., Strong Interactions., Gravitation and Cosmology. Publ. in: NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, June16-July 6, 1972
6. Salam A., Sivaram C. Strong Gravity Approach to QCD and Confinement // Mod. Phys Lett. – 1993. – Vol. A8(4). – P. 321- 326
7. Sivaram C. et al. Gravity of Accelerations on Quantum Scales and its consequences http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.5071
8. Seshavatharam U.V.S. and Lakshminarayana S. Semi empirical procedure for estimating the Newtonian gravitational constant with elementary physical constants and Avogadro number Towards a workable model of final unification Proceedings of International Intradisciplinary Conference on the Frontiers of Crystallography. – 2014. – P. 47- 60
9. Gibbons G.W. The Maximum Tension Principle in General relativity // Found.Phys. – 2002. – Vol. 32. – P. 1891-1901
10. Hawking S.W. Particle Creation by Black Holes // Commun.Math. Phys. – 1975. – Vol. 43. – P. 199–220
11. Abhas Mitra. Why gravitational contraction must be accompanied by emission of radiation in both Newtonian and Einstein gravity // Phys. Rev D. – 2006. – Vol. 74. – P. 024010
12. Mohr P.J., Taylor B.N. and Newell D.B CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants:2010 // by in Rev Mod. Phys. – 2012. – Vol. 84. – P. 1527
13. Olive K.A. et al. Review of Particle Physics // Chin. Phys. C. – 2014. – Vol. 38. – P. 090001
14. Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer. The electron-scattering method and its application to the structure of nuclei and nucleons. Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1961
15. Khachatryan V. et al. (CMS Collaboration) Evidence for Collective Multiparticle Correlations in p−Pb Collisions // Phys. Rev. Lett. – 2015. – Vol 115. – P. 012301
16. Chowdhury P.R. et al. Modified Bethe- Weizsacker mass formula with isotonic shift and new driplines // Mod. Phys. Lett. – 2005. – Vol A20. – P.1605-1618
17. Ghahramany N. et al. New ap.proach to nuclear binding energy in integrated nuclear model // Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics. – 2012. –Vol. 6. – P. 3
18. Martin J.T. Milton A. New definition for the mole based on the Avogadro constant: a journey from physics to chemistry // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A– 2011. – Vol. 369. – P. 3993–4003
19. Rutherfor E. The Scattering of α and β rays by Matter and the Structure of the Atom // Philos Mag. – Vol. 6. – P. 21
20. The Periodic Table of the Elements (including Atomic Radius) www.sciencegeek.net/tables/AtomicRadius.pdf
21. Srinivasan G. The Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars // Bulletin of Astronomic Society of India. – 2002. – Vol. 30. – P. 523-547
22. Kohei Inayoshi. and Zoltan Haiman. Is there a maximum mass for black holes in galactic nuclei? arxiv: 1601.02611v1
23. Sebastien Guillot. et al. Measurement of the Radius of Neutron Stars with High S/N Quiescent Low-mass X-ray Binaries in Globular Clusters Astrophys.J. 772 (2013)
24. Yue A.T. et al. Improved Determination of the Neutron Lifetime // Phys. Rev. Lett. – 2013. – Vol. 111. – P. 222501
25. Arimoto Y. et al. Development of time projection chamber for precise neutron lifetime measurement using pulsed cold neutron beams // Nuclear Instrument sand Methods in Physics Research A. – 2015. – Vol. 799. – P. 187
26. Seshavatharam U.V.S. and Lakshminarayana S. Applications of gravitational model of possible final unification in both large and small scale physics // Prespacetime journal. – 2016 – Vol 7. – P. 405-421
27. Seshavatharam U.V.S. and Lakshminarayana S. The Possible Role of Newtonian, Strong & Electromagnetic Gravitational Constants in Particle Physics // Prespacetime journal. – 2016. – Vol 7. – P. 857-888
28. Ashoke Sen. Developments in Superstring theory. CERN Document server, hep-ph/9810356 (2009) https://cds.cern.ch/record/368056/files/9810356.pdf
29. Edward Witten. What Every Physicist Should Know About String Theory. GR Centennial Celebration, Strings 2015, Bangalore, India. (2105)
http://member.ipmu.jp/yuji.tachikawa/stringsmirrors /2015/26-06-2015-Edward-Witten.pdf
30. Angeli I., Marinovab K.P. Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. – 2013. – Vol. 99. – P. 69–95
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How to Cite
Seshavatharam, U., & Lakshminarayana, S. (2016). Towards a workable model of final unification. International Journal of Mathematics and Physics, 7(1). Retrieved from https://ijmph.kaznu.kz/index.php/kaznu/article/view/171
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Nuclear Physics and Nanotechnology
